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Proverbs

Chapter 23

1 When you sit down to dine with a ruler, consider carefully what is set before you,
כִּֽי־
kî-
When
תֵ֭שֵׁב
ṯê·šêḇ
you sit down
לִלְח֣וֹם
lil·ḥō·wm
to dine
אֶת־
’eṯ-
with
מוֹשֵׁ֑ל
mō·wō·šêl
a ruler ,
בִּ֥ין
bîn
consider
תָּ֝בִ֗ין
tā·ḇîn
carefully
אֶת־
’eṯ-
-
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
’ă·šer
what
לְפָנֶֽיךָ׃
lə·p̄ā·ne·ḵā
is set before you ,
2 and put a knife to your throat if you possess a great appetite.
וְשַׂמְתָּ֣
wə·śam·tā
and put
שַׂכִּ֣ין
śak·kîn
a knife
בְּלֹעֶ֑ךָ
bə·lō·‘e·ḵā
to your throat
אִם־
’im-
if
אָֽתָּה׃
’āt·tāh
you
בַּ֖עַל
ba·‘al
possess
נֶ֣פֶשׁ
ne·p̄eš
a [great] appetite .
3 Do not crave his delicacies, for that food is deceptive.
אַל־
’al-
Do not
תִּ֭תְאָו
tiṯ·ʾå̄w
crave
לְמַטְעַמּוֹתָ֑יו
lə·maṭ·‘am·mō·w·ṯāw
his delicacies ,
וְ֝ה֗וּא
wə·hū
for that
לֶ֣חֶם
le·ḥem
food
כְּזָבִֽים׃
kə·zā·ḇîm
is deceptive .
4 Do not wear yourself out to get rich; be wise enough to restrain yourself.
אַל־
’al-
Do not
תִּיגַ֥ע
tî·ḡa‘
wear yourself out
לְֽהַעֲשִׁ֑יר
lə·ha·‘ă·šîr
to get rich ;
מִֽבִּינָתְךָ֥
mib·bî·nā·ṯə·ḵā
be wise enough
חֲדָֽל׃
ḥă·ḏāl
to restrain yourself .
5 When you glance at wealth, it disappears, for it makes wings for itself and flies like an eagle to the sky.
הֲתָעוּף
hă·ṯå̄·ʿūp̄
When you glance
עֵינֶ֥יךָ
‘ê·ne·ḵā
. . .
בּ֗וֹ
bōw
[at wealth] ,
וְֽאֵ֫ינֶ֥נּוּ
wə·’ê·nen·nū
it disappears ,
כִּ֤י

for
עָשֹׂ֣ה
‘ā·śōh
it makes
יַעֲשֶׂה־
ya·‘ă·śeh-
. . .
כְנָפַ֑יִם
ḵə·nā·p̄a·yim
wings for itself
וְעָיֵף
wə·ʿå̄·yēp̄
and flies
כְּ֝נֶ֗שֶׁר
kə·ne·šer
like an eagle
הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃פ
haš·šā·mā·yim
to the sky .
6 Do not eat the bread of a stingy man, and do not crave his delicacies;
אַל־
’al-
Do not
תִּלְחַ֗ם
til·ḥam
eat
אֶת־
’eṯ-
-
לֶ֭חֶם
le·ḥem
the bread
רַ֣ע
ra‘
of a stingy man
עָ֑יִן
‘ā·yin
. . . ,
וְאַל־
wə·’al-
and do not
תִּתְאָו
tiṯ·ʾå̄w
crave
לְמַטְעַמֹּתָֽיו׃
lə·maṭ·‘am·mō·ṯāw
his delicacies ;
7 for he is keeping track, inwardly counting the cost. “Eat and drink,” he says to you, but his heart is not with you.
כִּ֤י׀

for
כְּמוֹ־
kə·mōw-
-
שָׁעַ֥ר
šā·‘ar
he is keeping track ,
בְּנַפְשׁ֗וֹ
bə·nap̄·šōw
inwardly
כֶּ֫ן־
ken-
[counting the cost]
ה֥וּא

. . . .
אֱכֹ֣ל
’ĕ·ḵōl
“ Eat
וּ֭שְׁתֵה
ū·šə·ṯêh
and drink , ”
יֹ֣אמַר
yō·mar
he says
לָ֑ךְ
lāḵ
to you ,
וְ֝לִבּ֗וֹ
wə·lib·bōw
but his heart
בַּל־
bal-
is not
עִמָּֽךְ׃
‘im·māḵ
with you .
8 You will vomit up what little you have eaten and waste your pleasant words.
תְקִיאֶ֑נָּה
ṯə·qî·’en·nāh
You will vomit up
פִּֽתְּךָ־
pit·tə·ḵā-
what little
אָכַ֥לְתָּ
’ā·ḵal·tā
you have eaten
וְ֝שִׁחַ֗תָּ
wə·ši·ḥa·tā
and waste
הַנְּעִימִֽים׃
han·nə·‘î·mîm
your pleasant
דְּבָרֶ֥יךָ
də·ḇā·re·ḵā
words .
9 Do not speak to a fool, for he will despise the wisdom of your words.
בְּאָזְנֵ֣י
bə·’ā·zə·nê
-
אַל־
’al-
Do not
תְּדַבֵּ֑ר
tə·ḏab·bêr
speak
כְ֭סִיל
ḵə·sîl
to a fool ,
כִּֽי־
kî-
for
יָ֝ב֗וּז
yā·ḇūz
he will despise
לְשֵׂ֣כֶל
lə·śê·ḵel
the wisdom
מִלֶּֽיךָ׃
mil·le·ḵā
of your words .
10 Do not move an ancient boundary stone or encroach on the fields of the fatherless,
אַל־
’al-
Do not
תַּ֭סֵּג
tas·sêḡ
move
עוֹלָ֑ם
‘ō·w·lām
an ancient
גְּב֣וּל
gə·ḇūl
boundary stone
אַל־
’al-
[or]
תָּבֹֽא׃
tā·ḇō
encroach
וּבִשְׂדֵ֥י
ū·ḇiś·ḏê
on the fields
יְ֝תוֹמִ֗ים
yə·ṯō·w·mîm
of the fatherless ,
11 for their Redeemer is strong; He will take up their case against you.
כִּֽי־
kî-
for
גֹאֲלָ֥ם
ḡō·’ă·lām
their Redeemer
חָזָ֑ק
ḥā·zāq
is strong ;
הֽוּא־
hū-
He
יָרִ֖יב
yā·rîḇ
will take up
אֶת־
’eṯ-
-
רִיבָ֣ם
rî·ḇām
their case
אִתָּֽךְ׃
’it·tāḵ
against you .
12 Apply your heart to instruction and your ears to words of knowledge.
הָבִ֣יאָה
hā·ḇî·’āh
Apply
לִבֶּ֑ךָ
lib·be·ḵā
your heart
לַמּוּסָ֣ר
lam·mū·sār
to instruction
וְ֝אָזְנֶ֗ךָ
wə·’ā·zə·ne·ḵā
and your ears
לְאִמְרֵי־
lə·’im·rê-
to words
דָֽעַת׃
ḏā·‘aṯ
of knowledge .
13 Do not withhold discipline from a child; although you strike him with a rod, he will not die.
אַל־
’al-
Do not
תִּמְנַ֣ע
tim·na‘
withhold
מוּסָ֑ר
mū·sār
discipline
מִנַּ֣עַר
min·na·‘ar
from a child ;
כִּֽי־
kî-
although
תַכֶּ֥נּוּ
ṯak·ken·nū
you strike him
בַ֝שֵּׁ֗בֶט
ḇaš·šê·ḇeṭ
with a rod ,
לֹ֣א

he will not
יָמֽוּת׃
yā·mūṯ
die .
14 Strike him with a rod, and you will deliver his soul from Sheol.
אַ֭תָּה
’at·tāh
-
תַּכֶּ֑נּוּ
tak·ken·nū
Strike him
בַּשֵּׁ֣בֶט
baš·šê·ḇeṭ
with a rod ,
תַּצִּֽיל׃
taṣ·ṣîl
and you will deliver
וְ֝נַפְשׁ֗וֹ
wə·nap̄·šōw
his soul
מִשְּׁא֥וֹל
miš·šə·’ō·wl
from Sheol .
15 My son, if your heart is wise, my own heart will indeed rejoice.
בְּ֭נִי
bə·nî
My son ,
אִם־
’im-
if
לִבֶּ֑ךָ
lib·be·ḵā
your heart
חָכַ֣ם
ḥā·ḵam
is wise ,
לִבִּ֣י
lib·bî
my own heart
גַם־
ḡam-
will indeed
אָֽנִי׃
’ā·nî
. . .
יִשְׂמַ֖ח
yiś·maḥ
rejoice .
16 My inmost being will rejoice when your lips speak what is right.
כִלְיוֹתָ֑י
ḵil·yō·w·ṯāy
My inmost being
וְתַעְלֹ֥זְנָה
wə·ṯa‘·lō·zə·nāh
will rejoice
שְׂ֝פָתֶ֗יךָ
p̄ā·ṯe·ḵā
when your lips
בְּדַבֵּ֥ר
bə·ḏab·bêr
speak
מֵישָׁרִֽים׃
mê·šā·rîm
what is right .
17 Do not let your heart envy sinners, but always continue in the fear of the LORD.
אַל־
’al-
Do not
לִ֭בְּךָ
lib·bə·ḵā
let your heart
יְקַנֵּ֣א
yə·qan·nê
envy
בַּֽחַטָּאִ֑ים
ba·ḥaṭ·ṭā·’îm
sinners ,
כִּ֥י

but
אִם־
’im-
. . .
כָּל־
kāl-
always continue
הַיּֽוֹם׃
hay·yō·wm
. . .
בְּיִרְאַת־
bə·yir·’aṯ-
in the fear
יְ֝הוָ֗ה
Yah·weh
of the LORD .
18 For surely there is a future, and your hope will not be cut off.
כִּ֭י

For
אִם־
’im-
surely
יֵ֣שׁ
yêš
there is
אַחֲרִ֑ית
’a·ḥă·rîṯ
a future ,
וְ֝תִקְוָתְךָ֗
wə·ṯiq·wā·ṯə·ḵā
and your hope
לֹ֣א

will not
תִכָּרֵֽת׃
ṯik·kā·rêṯ
be cut off .
19 Listen, my son, and be wise, and guide your heart on the right course.
שְׁמַע־
šə·ma‘-
Listen ,
אַתָּ֣ה
’at·tāh
. . .
בְנִ֣י
ḇə·nî
my son ,
וַחֲכָ֑ם
wa·ḥă·ḵām
and be wise ,
וְאַשֵּׁ֖ר
wə·’aš·šêr
and guide
לִבֶּֽךָ׃
lib·be·ḵā
your heart
בַּדֶּ֣רֶךְ
bad·de·reḵ
on the right course .
20 Do not join those who drink too much wine or gorge themselves on meat.
אַל־
’al-
Do not
תְּהִ֥י
tə·hî
join
בְסֹֽבְאֵי־
ḇə·sō·ḇə·’ê-
those who drink too much
יָ֑יִן
yā·yin
wine
בְּזֹלֲלֵ֖י
bə·zō·lă·lê
or gorge
בָשָׂ֣ר
ḇā·śār
themselves on meat
לָֽמוֹ׃
lā·mōw
.
21 For the drunkard and the glutton will come to poverty, and drowsiness will clothe them in rags.
כִּי־
kî-
For
סֹבֵ֣א
sō·ḇê
the drunkard
וְ֭זוֹלֵל
wə·zō·w·lêl
and the glutton
יִוָּרֵ֑שׁ
yiw·wā·rêš
will come to poverty ,
נוּמָֽה׃
nū·māh
and drowsiness
תַּלְבִּ֥ישׁ
tal·bîš
will clothe them
וּ֝קְרָעִ֗ים
ū·qə·rā·‘îm
in rags .
22 Listen to your father who gave you life, and do not despise your mother when she is old.
שְׁמַ֣ע
šə·ma‘
Listen
לְ֭אָבִיךָ
lə·’ā·ḇî·ḵā
to your father
זֶ֣ה
zeh
who
יְלָדֶ֑ךָ
yə·lā·ḏe·ḵā
gave you life ,
וְאַל־
wə·’al-
and do not
תָּ֝ב֗וּז
tā·ḇūz
despise
אִמֶּֽךָ׃
’im·me·ḵā
your mother
כִּֽי־
kî-
when
זָקְנָ֥ה
zā·qə·nāh
she is old .
23 Invest in truth and never sell it—in wisdom and instruction and understanding.
קְ֭נֵה
qə·nêh
Invest in
אֱמֶ֣ת
’ĕ·meṯ
truth
וְאַל־
wə·’al-
and never
תִּמְכֹּ֑ר
tim·kōr
sell it —
חָכְמָ֖ה
ḥāḵ·māh
in wisdom
וּמוּסָ֣ר
ū·mū·sār
and instruction
וּבִינָֽה׃
ū·ḇî·nāh
and understanding .
24 The father of a righteous man will greatly rejoice, and he who fathers a wise son will delight in him.
אֲבִ֣י
’ă·ḇî
The father
צַדִּ֑יק
ṣad·dîq
of a righteous man
גּוֹל
gōl
will greatly rejoice
יָגוֹל
yå̄·ḡōl
. . . ,
יוֹלֵד
yō·lēḏ
and he who fathers
חָ֝כָ֗ם
ḥā·ḵām
a wise son
וְיִשְׂמַח
wə·yiś·maḥ
will delight in him
בּֽוֹ׃
bōw
. . . .
25 May your father and mother be glad, and may she who gave you birth rejoice!
אָבִ֥יךָ
’ā·ḇî·ḵā
May your father
וְאִמֶּ֑ךָ
wə·’im·me·ḵā
and mother
יִֽשְׂמַח־
yiś·maḥ-
be glad ,
יֽוֹלַדְתֶּֽךָ׃
yō·w·laḏ·te·ḵā
and may she who gave you birth
וְ֝תָגֵ֗ל
wə·ṯā·ḡêl
rejoice !
26 My son, give me your heart, and let your eyes delight in my ways.
בְנִ֣י
ḇə·nî
My son ,
תְּנָֽה־
tə·nāh-
give me
לִבְּךָ֣
lib·bə·ḵā
your heart
לִ֑י

,
וְ֝עֵינֶ֗יךָ
wə·‘ê·ne·ḵā
and let your eyes
תִּרְצֶנָה׃
tir·ṣɛ·nå̄h
delight
דְּרָכַ֥י
də·rā·ḵay
in my ways .
27 For a prostitute is a deep pit, and an adulteress is a narrow well.
כִּֽי־
kî-
For
זוֹנָ֑ה
zō·w·nāh
a prostitute
עֲמֻקָּ֣ה
‘ă·muq·qāh
is a deep
שׁוּחָ֣ה
šū·ḥāh
pit ,
נָכְרִיָּֽה׃
nā·ḵə·rî·yāh
and an adulteress
צָ֝רָ֗ה
ṣā·rāh
is a narrow
וּבְאֵ֥ר
ū·ḇə·’êr
well .
28 Like a robber she lies in wait and multiplies the faithless among men.
כְּחֶ֣תֶף
kə·ḥe·ṯep̄
Like a robber
אַף־
’ap̄-
-
הִ֭יא

she
תֶּֽאֱרֹ֑ב
te·’ĕ·rōḇ
lies in wait
תּוֹסִֽף׃
tō·w·sip̄
and multiplies
וּ֝בוֹגְדִ֗ים
ū·ḇō·wḡ·ḏîm
the faithless
בְּאָדָ֥ם
bə·’ā·ḏām
among men .
29 Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has contentions? Who has complaints? Who has needless wounds? Who has bloodshot eyes?
לְמִ֨י
lə·mî
Who
א֥וֹי
’ō·w
has woe ?
לְמִ֪י
lə·mî
Who
אֲב֡וֹי
’ă·ḇō·w
has sorrow ?
לְמִ֤י
lə·mî
Who
מְדוֹנִים
mə·ḏō·nīm
has contentions ?
לְמִ֥י
lə·mî
Who
שִׂ֗יחַ
śî·aḥ
has complaints ?
לְ֭מִי
lə·mî
Who
חִנָּ֑ם
ḥin·nām
{has} needless
פְּצָעִ֣ים
pə·ṣā·‘îm
wounds ?
לְ֝מִ֗י
lə·mî
Who
חַכְלִל֥וּת
ḥaḵ·li·lūṯ
has bloodshot
עֵינָֽיִם׃
‘ê·nā·yim
eyes ?
30 Those who linger over wine, who go to taste mixed drinks.
לַֽמְאַחֲרִ֥ים
lam·’a·ḥă·rîm
Those who linger
עַל־
‘al-
over
הַיָּ֑יִן
hay·yā·yin
wine ,
לַ֝בָּאִ֗ים
lab·bā·’îm
who go
לַחְקֹ֥ר
laḥ·qōr
to taste
מִמְסָֽךְ׃
mim·sāḵ
mixed drinks .
31 Do not gaze at wine while it is red, when it sparkles in the cup and goes down smoothly.
אַל־
’al-
Do not
תֵּ֥רֶא
tê·re
gaze at
יַיִן֮
ya·yin
wine
כִּ֪י

while
יִתְאַ֫דָּ֥ם
yiṯ·’ad·dām
it is red ,
כִּֽי־
kî-
when
יִתֵּ֣ן
yit·tên
it sparkles
בַּכִּיס
bak·kīs
in the cup
עֵינ֑וֹ
‘ê·nōw
. . .
יִ֝תְהַלֵּ֗ךְ
yiṯ·hal·lêḵ
and goes down smoothly
בְּמֵישָׁרִֽים׃
bə·mê·šā·rîm
. . . .
32 In the end it bites like a snake and stings like a viper.
אַ֭חֲרִיתוֹ
’a·ḥă·rî·ṯōw
In the end
יִשָּׁ֑ךְ
yiš·šāḵ
it bites
כְּנָחָ֣שׁ
kə·nā·ḥāš
like a snake
יַפְרִֽשׁ׃
yap̄·riš
and stings
וּֽכְצִפְעֹנִ֥י
ū·ḵə·ṣip̄·‘ō·nî
like a viper .
33 Your eyes will see strange things, and your mind will utter perversities.
עֵ֭ינֶיךָ
‘ê·ne·ḵā
Your eyes
יִרְא֣וּ
yir·’ū
will see
זָר֑וֹת
zā·rō·wṯ
strange things ,
וְ֝לִבְּךָ֗
wə·lib·bə·ḵā
and your mind
יְדַבֵּ֥ר
yə·ḏab·bêr
will utter
תַּהְפֻּכֽוֹת׃
tah·pu·ḵō·wṯ
perversities .
34 You will be like one sleeping on the high seas or lying on the top of a mast:
וְ֭הָיִיתָ
wə·hā·yî·ṯā
You will be
כְּשֹׁכֵ֣ב
kə·šō·ḵêḇ
like one sleeping
בְּלֶב־
bə·leḇ-
. . .
יָ֑ם
yām
on the high seas
וּ֝כְשֹׁכֵ֗ב
ū·ḵə·šō·ḵêḇ
or lying
בְּרֹ֣אשׁ
bə·rōš
on the top
חִבֵּֽל׃
ḥib·bêl
of a mast :
35 “They struck me, but I feel no pain! They beat me, but I did not know it! When can I wake up to search for another drink?”
הִכּ֥וּנִי
hik·kū·nî
“ They struck me ,
בַל־
ḇal-
but I feel no
חָלִיתִי֮
ḥā·lî·ṯî
pain !
הֲלָמ֗וּנִי
hă·lā·mū·nî
They beat me ,
בַּל־
bal-
but I did not
יָ֫דָ֥עְתִּי
yā·ḏā·‘ə·tî
know it!
מָתַ֥י
mā·ṯay
When
אָקִ֑יץ
’ā·qîṣ
can I wake up
אֲבַקְשֶׁ֥נּוּ
’ă·ḇaq·šen·nū
to search for
א֝וֹסִ֗יף
’ō·w·sîp̄
another
עֽוֹד׃
‘ō·wḏ
drink ? ”