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Ecclesiastes

Chapter 6

1 There is another evil I have seen under the sun, and it weighs heavily upon mankind:
יֵ֣שׁ
yêš
There is
רָעָ֔ה
rā·‘āh
another evil
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
’ă·šer
-
רָאִ֖יתִי
rā·’î·ṯî
I have seen
תַּ֣חַת
ta·ḥaṯ
under
הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ
haš·šā·meš
the sun ,
הִ֖יא

and it
וְרַבָּ֥ה
wə·rab·bāh
weighs heavily
עַל־
‘al-
upon
הָאָדָֽם׃
hā·’ā·ḏām
mankind :
2 God gives a man riches, wealth, and honor, so that he lacks nothing his heart desires; but God does not allow him to enjoy them. Instead, a stranger will enjoy them. This is futile and a grievous affliction.
הָאֱלֹהִ֡ים
hā·’ĕ·lō·hîm
God
יִתֶּן־
yit·ten-
gives
אִ֣ישׁ
’îš
a man
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
’ă·šer
-
עֹשֶׁר֩
‘ō·šer
riches ,
וּנְכָסִ֨ים
ū·nə·ḵā·sîm
wealth ,
וְכָב֜וֹד
wə·ḵā·ḇō·wḏ
and honor ,
חָסֵ֥ר
ḥā·sêr
so that he lacks
וְֽאֵינֶ֨נּוּ
wə·’ê·nen·nū
nothing
לְנַפְשׁ֣וֹ׀
lə·nap̄·šōw
his heart
מִכֹּ֣ל
mik·kōl
-
אֲשֶׁר־
’ă·šer-
-
יִתְאַוֶּ֗ה
yiṯ·’aw·weh
desires ;
הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙
hā·’ĕ·lō·hîm
but God
וְלֹֽא־
wə·lō-
does not
יַשְׁלִיטֶ֤נּוּ
yaš·lî·ṭen·nū
allow him
לֶאֱכֹ֣ל
le·’ĕ·ḵōl
to enjoy them
מִמֶּ֔נּוּ
mim·men·nū
- .
כִּ֛י

Instead ,
אִ֥ישׁ
’îš
a stranger
נָכְרִ֖י
nā·ḵə·rî
. . .
יֹֽאכֲלֶ֑נּוּ
yō·ḵă·len·nū
will enjoy them .
זֶ֥ה
zeh
This
הֶ֛בֶל
he·ḇel
is futile
וָחֳלִ֥י
wā·ḥo·lî
and a grievous
רָ֖ע
rā‘
affliction .
הֽוּא׃

. . .
3 A man may father a hundred children and live for many years; yet no matter how long he lives, if he is unsatisfied with his prosperity and does not even receive a proper burial, I say that a stillborn child is better off than he.
אִם־
’im-
-
אִ֣ישׁ
’îš
A man
יוֹלִ֣יד
yō·w·lîḏ
may father
מֵאָ֡ה
mê·’āh
a hundred [children]
יִֽחְיֶ֜ה
yiḥ·yeh
and live
רַבּ֨וֹת
rab·bō·wṯ
for many
וְשָׁנִים֩
wə·šā·nîm
years ;
וְרַ֣ב׀
wə·raḇ
yet no matter how long
שֶׁיִּהְי֣וּ
še·yih·yū
-
יְמֵֽי־
yə·mê-
he lives
שָׁנָ֗יו
šā·nāw
. . . ,
וְנַפְשׁוֹ֙
wə·nap̄·šōw
if he
לֹא־
lō-
vvv
תִשְׂבַּ֣ע
ṯiś·ba‘
is unsatisfied
מִן־
min-
with
הַטּוֹבָ֔ה
haṭ·ṭō·w·ḇāh
his prosperity
לֹא־
lō-
and does not
הָ֣יְתָה
hā·yə·ṯāh
. . .
וְגַם־
wə·ḡam-
even
קְבוּרָ֖ה
qə·ḇū·rāh
receive a proper burial ,
אָמַ֕רְתִּי
’ā·mar·tî
I say
הַנָּֽפֶל׃
han·nā·p̄el
that a stillborn child
ט֥וֹב
ṭō·wḇ
is better off
מִמֶּ֖נּוּ
mim·men·nū
than he .
4 For a stillborn child enters in futility and departs in darkness, and his name is shrouded in obscurity.
כִּֽי־
kî-
For
בָּ֖א

[a stillborn child] enters
בַהֶ֥בֶל
ḇa·he·ḇel
in futility
יֵלֵ֑ךְ
yê·lêḵ
and departs
וּבַחֹ֣שֶׁךְ
ū·ḇa·ḥō·šeḵ
in darkness ,
שְׁמ֥וֹ
šə·mōw
and his name
יְכֻסֶּֽה׃
yə·ḵus·seh
is shrouded
וּבַחֹ֖שֶׁךְ
ū·ḇa·ḥō·šeḵ
in obscurity .
5 The child, though neither seeing the sun nor knowing anything, has more rest than that man,
לָזֶ֖ה
lā·zeh
[The child] ,
גַּם־
gam-
though
לֹא־
lō-
neither
רָאָ֖ה
rā·’āh
seeing
שֶׁ֥מֶשׁ
še·meš
the sun
וְלֹ֣א
wə·lō
nor
יָדָ֑ע
yā·ḏā‘
knowing anything ,
נַ֥חַת
na·ḥaṯ
has more rest
מִזֶּֽה׃
miz·zeh
than [that man] ,
6 even if he lives a thousand years twice over but fails to enjoy his prosperity. Do not all go to the same place?
וְאִלּ֣וּ
wə·’il·lū
even if
חָיָ֗ה
ḥā·yāh
he lives
אֶ֤לֶף
’e·lep̄
a thousand
שָׁנִים֙
šā·nîm
years
פַּעֲמַ֔יִם
pa·‘ă·ma·yim
twice over
לֹ֣א

but fails to
רָאָ֑ה
rā·’āh
enjoy
וְטוֹבָ֖ה
wə·ṭō·w·ḇāh
his prosperity .
הֲלֹ֛א
hă·lō
Do not
הַכֹּ֥ל
hak·kōl
all
הוֹלֵֽךְ׃
hō·w·lêḵ
go
אֶל־
’el-
to
אֶחָ֖ד
’e·ḥāḏ
the same
מָק֥וֹם
mā·qō·wm
place ?
7 All a man’s labor is for his mouth, yet his appetite is never satisfied.
כָּל־
kāl-
All
הָאָדָ֖ם
hā·’ā·ḏām
a man’s
עֲמַ֥ל
‘ă·mal
labor
לְפִ֑יהוּ
lə·p̄î·hū
[is] for his mouth ,
וְגַם־
wə·ḡam-
yet
הַנֶּ֖פֶשׁ
han·ne·p̄eš
his appetite
לֹ֥א

is never
תִמָּלֵֽא׃
ṯim·mā·lê
satisfied .
8 What advantage, then, has the wise man over the fool? What gain comes to the poor man who knows how to conduct himself before others?
מַה־
mah-
What
יּוֹתֵ֥ר
yō·w·ṯêr
advantage ,
כִּ֛י

then ,
לֶחָכָ֖ם
le·ḥā·ḵām
has the wise man
מִֽן־
min-
over
הַכְּסִ֑יל
hak·kə·sîl
the fool ?
מַה־
mah-
What [gain comes]
לֶּעָנִ֣י
le·‘ā·nî
to the poor man
יוֹדֵ֔עַ
yō·w·ḏê·a‘
who knows
לַהֲלֹ֖ךְ
la·hă·lōḵ
how to conduct himself
נֶ֥גֶד
ne·ḡeḏ
before
הַחַיִּֽים׃
ha·ḥay·yîm
others ?
9 Better what the eye can see than the wandering of desire. This too is futile and a pursuit of the wind.
ט֛וֹב
ṭō·wḇ
Better
עֵינַ֖יִם
‘ê·na·yim
what the eye
מַרְאֵ֥ה
mar·’êh
can see
מֵֽהֲלָךְ־
mê·hă·lāḵ-
than the wandering
נָ֑פֶשׁ
nā·p̄eš
of desire .
זֶ֥ה
zeh
This
גַּם־
gam-
too
הֶ֖בֶל
he·ḇel
is futile
וּרְע֥וּת
ū·rə·‘ūṯ
and a pursuit
רֽוּחַ׃
rū·aḥ
of the wind .
10 Whatever exists was named long ago, and what happens to a man is foreknown; but he cannot contend with one stronger than he.
מַה־
mah-
Whatever
שֶּֽׁהָיָ֗ה
še·hā·yāh
exists
נִקְרָ֣א
niq·rā
was named
שְׁמ֔וֹ
šə·mōw
. . .
כְּבָר֙
kə·ḇār
long ago ,
אֲשֶׁר־
’ă·šer-
and what [happens]
אָדָ֑ם
’ā·ḏām
to a man
וְנוֹדָ֖ע
wə·nō·w·ḏā‘
is foreknown ;
ה֣וּא

but he
וְלֹא־
wə·lō-
cannot
יוּכַ֣ל
yū·ḵal
. . .
לָדִ֔ין
lā·ḏîn
contend
עִ֥ם
‘im
with
שֶׁהַתְקִיף
šɛ·haṯ·qīp̄
one stronger
מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃
mim·men·nū
than he .
11 For the more words, the more futility—and how does that profit anyone?
כִּ֛י

For
יֵשׁ־
yêš-
vvv
הַרְבֵּ֖ה
har·bêh
the more
דְּבָרִ֥ים
də·ḇā·rîm
words ,
מַרְבִּ֣ים
mar·bîm
the more
הָ֑בֶל
hā·ḇel
futility —
מַה־
mah-
and how
יֹּתֵ֖ר
yō·ṯêr
does that profit
לָאָדָֽם׃
lā·’ā·ḏām
anyone ?
12 For who knows what is good for a man during the few days in which he passes through his fleeting life like a shadow? Who can tell a man what will come after him under the sun?
כִּ֣י

For
מִֽי־
mî-
who
יוֹדֵעַ֩
yō·w·ḏê·a‘
knows
מַה־
mah-
what
טּ֨וֹב
ṭō·wḇ
is good
לָֽאָדָ֜ם
lā·’ā·ḏām
for a man
בַּֽחַיִּ֗ים
ba·ḥay·yîm
-
מִסְפַּ֛ר
mis·par
during the few
יְמֵי־
yə·mê-
days [in which]
וְיַעֲשֵׂ֣ם
wə·ya·‘ă·śêm
he passes through
הֶבְל֖וֹ
heḇ·lōw
his fleeting
חַיֵּ֥י
ḥay·yê
life
כַּצֵּ֑ל
kaṣ·ṣêl
like a shadow ?
אֲשֶׁר֙
’ă·šer
-
מִֽי־
mî-
Who
יַגִּ֣יד
yag·gîḏ
can tell
לָֽאָדָ֔ם
lā·’ā·ḏām
a man
מַה־
mah-
what
יִּהְיֶ֥ה
yih·yeh
will come
אַחֲרָ֖יו
’a·ḥă·rāw
after him
תַּ֥חַת
ta·ḥaṯ
under
הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃
haš·šā·meš
the sun ?