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Deuteronomy

Chapter 19

1 When the LORD your God has cut off the nations whose land He is giving you, and when you have driven them out and settled in their cities and houses,
כִּֽי־
kî-
When
יְהוָ֤ה
Yah·weh
the LORD
אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙
’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā
your God
אֶת־
’eṯ-
-
יַכְרִ֞ית
yaḵ·rîṯ
has cut off
הַגּוֹיִ֔ם
hag·gō·w·yim
the nations
אֲשֶׁר֙
’ă·šer
-
אַרְצָ֑ם
’ar·ṣām
whose land
יְהוָ֣ה
Yah·weh
He
אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ
’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā
. . .
נֹתֵ֥ן
nō·ṯên
is giving
לְךָ֖
lə·ḵā
you ,
אֶת־
’eṯ-
-
וִֽירִשְׁתָּ֕ם
wî·riš·tām
and when you have driven them out
וְיָשַׁבְתָּ֥
wə·yā·šaḇ·tā
and settled
בְעָרֵיהֶ֖ם
ḇə·‘ā·rê·hem
in their cities
וּבְבָתֵּיהֶֽם׃
ū·ḇə·ḇāt·tê·hem
and houses ,
2 then you are to set apart for yourselves three cities within the land that the LORD your God is giving you to possess.
תַּבְדִּ֣יל
taḇ·dîl
then you are to set apart
לָ֑ךְ
lāḵ
for yourselves
שָׁל֥וֹשׁ
šā·lō·wōš
three
עָרִ֖ים
‘ā·rîm
cities
בְּת֣וֹךְ
bə·ṯō·wḵ
within
אַרְצְךָ֔
’ar·ṣə·ḵā
the land
אֲשֶׁר֙
’ă·šer
that
יְהוָ֣ה
Yah·weh
the LORD
אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ
’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā
your God
נֹתֵ֥ן
nō·ṯên
is giving
לְךָ֖
lə·ḵā
you
לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃
lə·riš·tāh
to possess .
3 You are to build roads for yourselves and divide into three regions the land that the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance, so that any manslayer can flee to these cities.
תָּכִ֣ין
tā·ḵîn
You are to build
הַדֶּרֶךְ֒
had·de·reḵ
roads
לְךָ֮
lə·ḵā
for yourselves
וְשִׁלַּשְׁתָּ֙
wə·šil·laš·tā
and divide into three regions
אֶת־
’eṯ-
-
גְּב֣וּל
gə·ḇūl
-
אַרְצְךָ֔
’ar·ṣə·ḵā
the land
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
’ă·šer
that
יְהוָ֣ה
Yah·weh
the LORD
אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ
’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā
your God
וְהָיָ֕ה
wə·hā·yāh
. . .
יַנְחִֽילְךָ֖
yan·ḥî·lə·ḵā
is giving you as an inheritance ,
כָּל־
kāl-
so that any
רֹצֵֽחַ׃
rō·ṣê·aḥ
manslayer
לָנ֥וּס
lā·nūs
can flee
שָׁ֖מָּה
šām·māh
to these cities .
4 Now this is the situation regarding the manslayer who flees to one of these cities to save his life, having killed his neighbor accidentally, without intending to harm him:
וְזֶה֙
wə·zeh
Now this
דְּבַ֣ר
də·ḇar
is the situation
הָרֹצֵ֔חַ
hā·rō·ṣê·aḥ
regarding the manslayer
אֲשֶׁר־
’ă·šer-
who
יָנ֥וּס
yā·nūs
flees
שָׁ֖מָּה
šām·māh
[to one of these cities]
וָחָ֑י
wā·ḥāy
to save his life ,
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
’ă·šer
-
יַכֶּ֤ה
yak·keh
having killed
אֶת־
’eṯ-
-
רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙
rê·‘ê·hū
his neighbor
בִּבְלִי־
biḇ·lî-
accidentally
דַ֔עַת
ḏa·‘aṯ
. . . ,
וְה֛וּא
wə·hū
. . .
לֹא־
lō-
without
שֹׂנֵ֥א
śō·nê
intending to harm
ל֖וֹ
lōw
him
מִתְּמֹ֥ל
mit·tə·mōl
-
שִׁלְשֹֽׁם׃
šil·šōm
- :
5 If he goes into the forest with his neighbor to cut timber and swings his axe to chop down a tree, but the blade flies off the handle and strikes and kills his neighbor, he may flee to one of these cities to save his life.
וַאֲשֶׁר֩
wa·’ă·šer
If
יָבֹ֨א
yā·ḇō
he goes
בַיַּעַר֮
ḇay·ya·‘ar
into the forest
אֶת־
’eṯ-
with
רֵעֵ֥הוּ
rê·‘ê·hū
his neighbor
לַחְטֹ֣ב
laḥ·ṭōḇ
to cut
עֵצִים֒
‘ê·ṣîm
timber
יָד֤וֹ
yā·ḏōw
vvv
וְנִדְּחָ֨ה
wə·nid·də·ḥāh
and swings
בַגַּרְזֶן֙
ḇag·gar·zen
his axe
לִכְרֹ֣ת
liḵ·rōṯ
to chop down
הָעֵ֔ץ
hā·‘êṣ
a tree ,
וְנָשַׁ֤ל
wə·nā·šal
but the blade flies off
הַבַּרְזֶל֙
hab·bar·zel
. . .
מִן־
min-
. . .
הָעֵ֔ץ
hā·‘êṣ
the handle
וּמָצָ֥א
ū·mā·ṣā
and strikes
אֶת־
’eṯ-
-
וָמֵ֑ת
wā·mêṯ
and kills
רֵעֵ֖הוּ
rê·‘ê·hū
his neighbor ,
ה֗וּא

he
יָנ֛וּס
yā·nūs
may flee
אֶל־
’el-
to
אַחַ֥ת
’a·ḥaṯ
one
הָאֵ֖לֶּה
hā·’êl·leh
of these
הֶעָרִים־
he·‘ā·rîm-
cities
וָחָֽי׃
wā·ḥāy
to save his life .
6 Otherwise, the avenger of blood might pursue the manslayer in a rage, overtake him if the distance is great, and strike him dead though he did not deserve to die, since he did not intend any harm.
פֶּן־
pen-
Otherwise ,
גֹּאֵ֨ל
gō·’êl
the avenger
הַדָּ֜ם
had·dām
of blood
יִרְדֹּף֩
yir·dōp̄
might pursue
הָרֹצֵ֗חַ
hā·rō·ṣê·aḥ
the manslayer
אַחֲרֵ֣י
’a·ḥă·rê
לְבָבוֹ֒
lə·ḇā·ḇōw
in a rage
כִּי־
kî-
-
יֵחַם֮
yê·ḥam
- ,
וְהִשִּׂיג֛וֹ
wə·hiś·śî·ḡōw
overtake him
כִּֽי־
kî-
if
הַדֶּ֖רֶךְ
had·de·reḵ
the distance
יִרְבֶּ֥ה
yir·beh
is great ,
וְהִכָּ֣הוּ
wə·hik·kā·hū
and strike him
נָ֑פֶשׁ
nā·p̄eš
dead
וְלוֹ֙
wə·lōw
though he
אֵ֣ין
’ên
did not
מִשְׁפַּט־
miš·paṭ-
deserve
מָ֔וֶת
mā·weṯ
to die ,
כִּ֠י

since
ה֛וּא

he
לֹ֣א

did not
שֹׂנֵ֥א
śō·nê
intend any harm
מִתְּמ֥וֹל
mit·tə·mō·wl
. . .
שִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃
šil·šō·wm
. . . .
7 This is why I am commanding you to set apart for yourselves three cities.
עַל־
‘al-
This is why
כֵּ֛ן
kên
. . .
אָנֹכִ֥י
’ā·nō·ḵî
I
מְצַוְּךָ֖
mə·ṣaw·wə·ḵā
am commanding
לֵאמֹ֑ר
lê·mōr
. . .
תַּבְדִּ֥יל
taḇ·dîl
you to set apart
לָֽךְ׃ס
lāḵ
for yourselves
שָׁלֹ֥שׁ
šā·lōš
three
עָרִ֖ים
‘ā·rîm
cities .
8 And if the LORD your God enlarges your territory, as He swore to your fathers, and gives you all the land He promised them,
וְאִם־
wə·’im-
And if
יְהוָ֤ה
Yah·weh
the LORD
אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙
’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā
your God
אֶת־
’eṯ-
-
יַרְחִ֞יב
yar·ḥîḇ
enlarges
גְּבֻ֣לְךָ֔
gə·ḇul·ḵā
your territory ,
כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר
ka·’ă·šer
as
נִשְׁבַּ֖ע
niš·ba‘
He swore
לַאֲבֹתֶ֑יךָ
la·’ă·ḇō·ṯe·ḵā
to your fathers ,
וְנָ֤תַן
wə·nā·ṯan
and gives
לְךָ֙
lə·ḵā
you
אֶת־
’eṯ-
-
כָּל־
kāl-
all
הָאָ֔רֶץ
hā·’ā·reṣ
the land
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
’ă·šer
-
דִּבֶּ֖ר
dib·ber
He promised
לָתֵ֥ת
lā·ṯêṯ
. . .
לַאֲבֹתֶֽיךָ׃
la·’ă·ḇō·ṯe·ḵā
them ,
9 and if you carefully keep all these commandments I am giving you today, loving the LORD your God and walking in His ways at all times, then you are to add three more cities to these three.
כִּֽי־
kî-
and if
תִשְׁמֹר֩
ṯiš·mōr
you carefully keep
אֶת־
’eṯ-
-
לַעֲשֹׂתָ֗הּ
la·‘ă·śō·ṯāh
-
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
’ă·šer
-
כָּל־
kāl-
all
הַזֹּ֜את
haz·zōṯ
these
הַמִּצְוָ֨ה
ham·miṣ·wāh
commandments
אָנֹכִ֣י
’ā·nō·ḵî
I
מְצַוְּךָ֮
mə·ṣaw·wə·ḵā
am giving you
הַיּוֹם֒
hay·yō·wm
today ,
לְאַהֲבָ֞ה
lə·’a·hă·ḇāh
loving
אֶת־
’eṯ-
-
יְהוָ֧ה
Yah·weh
the LORD
אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ
’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā
your God
וְלָלֶ֥כֶת
wə·lā·le·ḵeṯ
and walking
בִּדְרָכָ֖יו
biḏ·rā·ḵāw
in His ways
כָּל־
kāl-
at all times
הַיָּמִ֑ים
hay·yā·mîm
. . . ,
וְיָסַפְתָּ֨
wə·yā·sap̄·tā
then you are to add
לְךָ֥
lə·ḵā
שָׁלֹ֣שׁ
šā·lōš
three
עוֹד֙
‘ō·wḏ
more
עָרִ֔ים
‘ā·rîm
cities
עַ֖ל
‘al
to
הָאֵֽלֶּה׃
hā·’êl·leh
these
הַשָּׁלֹ֥שׁ
haš·šā·lōš
three .
10 Thus innocent blood will not be shed in the land that the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance, so that you will not be guilty of bloodshed.
נָקִ֔י
nā·qî
Thus innocent
דָּ֣ם
dām
blood
וְלֹ֤א
wə·lō
will not
יִשָּׁפֵךְ֙
yiš·šā·p̄êḵ
be shed
בְּקֶ֣רֶב
bə·qe·reḇ
in
אַרְצְךָ֔
’ar·ṣə·ḵā
the land
אֲשֶׁר֙
’ă·šer
that
יְהוָ֣ה
Yah·weh
the LORD
אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ
’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā
your God
נֹתֵ֥ן
nō·ṯên
is giving
לְךָ֖
lə·ḵā
you
נַחֲלָ֑ה
na·ḥă·lāh
[as] an inheritance ,
וְהָיָ֥ה
wə·hā·yāh
so that you will not be
עָלֶ֖יךָ
‘ā·le·ḵā
. . .
דָּמִֽים׃ס
dā·mîm
guilty of bloodshed .
11 If, however, a man hates his neighbor and lies in wait, attacks him and kills him, and then flees to one of these cities,
וְכִֽי־
wə·ḵî-
If, however ,
יִהְיֶ֥ה
yih·yeh
. . .
אִישׁ֙
’îš
a man
שֹׂנֵ֣א
śō·nê
hates
לְרֵעֵ֔הוּ
lə·rê·‘ê·hū
his neighbor
וְאָ֤רַב
wə·’ā·raḇ
and lies in wait
לוֹ֙
lōw
,
וְקָ֣ם
wə·qām
attacks
עָלָ֔יו
‘ā·lāw
him
וְהִכָּ֥הוּ
wə·hik·kā·hū
and kills him
נֶ֖פֶשׁ
ne·p̄eš
. . .
וָמֵ֑ת
wā·mêṯ
. . . ,
וְנָ֕ס
wə·nās
and then flees
אֶל־
’el-
to
אַחַ֖ת
’a·ḥaṯ
one
הָאֵֽל׃
hā·’êl
of these
הֶעָרִ֥ים
he·‘ā·rîm
cities ,
12 the elders of his city must send for him, bring him back, and hand him over to the avenger of blood to die.
זִקְנֵ֣י
ziq·nê
the elders
עִיר֔וֹ
‘î·rōw
of his city
וְשָֽׁלְחוּ֙
wə·šā·lə·ḥū
must send for him ,
וְלָקְח֥וּ
wə·lā·qə·ḥū
bring
אֹת֖וֹ
’ō·ṯōw
him
מִשָּׁ֑ם
miš·šām
back ,
וְנָתְנ֣וּ
wə·nā·ṯə·nū
and hand him over to
אֹת֗וֹ
’ō·ṯōw
-
בְּיַ֛ד
bə·yaḏ
-
גֹּאֵ֥ל
gō·’êl
the avenger
הַדָּ֖ם
had·dām
of blood
וָמֵֽת׃
wā·mêṯ
to die .
13 You must show him no pity. You are to purge from Israel the guilt of shedding innocent blood, that it may go well with you.
לֹא־
lō-
vvv
תָח֥וֹס
ṯā·ḥō·ws
You must show him no pity
עָלָ֑יו
‘ā·lāw
. . .
עֵֽינְךָ֖
‘ê·nə·ḵā
. . . .
וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֧
ū·ḇi·‘ar·tā
You are to purge
מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֖ל
mî·yiś·rā·’êl
from Israel
הַנָּקִ֛י
han·nā·qî
the guilt of shedding innocent
דַֽם־
ḏam-
blood ,
וְט֥וֹב
wə·ṭō·wḇ
that it may go well
לָֽךְ׃ס
lāḵ
with you .
14 You must not move your neighbor’s boundary marker, which was set up by your ancestors to mark the inheritance you shall receive in the land that the LORD your God is giving you to possess.
לֹ֤א

You must not
תַסִּיג֙
ṯas·sîḡ
move
רֵֽעֲךָ֔
rê·‘ă·ḵā
your neighbor’s
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
’ă·šer
-
גְּב֣וּל
gə·ḇūl
boundary marker ,
גָּבְל֖וּ
gā·ḇə·lū
which was set up
רִאשֹׁנִ֑ים
ri·šō·nîm
by your ancestors
בְּנַחֲלָֽתְךָ֙
bə·na·ḥă·lā·ṯə·ḵā
[to mark] the inheritance
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
’ă·šer
-
תִּנְחַ֔ל
tin·ḥal
you shall receive
בָּאָ֕רֶץ
bā·’ā·reṣ
in the land
אֲשֶׁר֙
’ă·šer
that
יְהוָ֣ה
Yah·weh
the LORD
אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ
’ĕ·lō·he·ḵā
your God
נֹתֵ֥ן
nō·ṯên
is giving
לְךָ֖
lə·ḵā
you
לְרִשְׁתָּֽהּ׃ס
lə·riš·tāh
to possess .
15 A lone witness is not sufficient to establish any wrongdoing or sin against a man, regardless of what offense he may have committed. A matter must be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.
אֶחָ֜ד
’e·ḥāḏ
A lone
עֵ֨ד
‘êḏ
witness
לֹֽא־
lō-
is not sufficient
יָקוּם֩
yā·qūm
to establish
לְכָל־
lə·ḵāl
any
עָוֺן֙
‘ā·wōn
wrongdoing
וּלְכָל־
ū·lə·ḵāl-
[or]
חַטָּ֔את
ḥaṭ·ṭāṯ
sin
בְּאִ֗ישׁ
bə·’îš
against a man ,
בְּכָל־
bə·ḵāl
regardless of what
חֵ֖טְא
ḥêṭ
offense
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
’ă·šer
-
יֶֽחֱטָ֑א
ye·ḥĕ·ṭā
he may have committed .
דָּבָֽר׃
dā·ḇār
A matter
יָק֥וּם
yā·qūm
must be established
עַל־
‘al-
by
פִּ֣י׀

the testimony
שְׁנֵ֣י
šə·nê
of two
א֛וֹ
’ōw
or
עַל־
‘al-
. . .
פִּ֥י

. . .
שְׁלֹשָֽׁה־
šə·lō·šāh-
three
עֵדִ֖ים
‘ê·ḏîm
. . .
עֵדִ֗ים
‘ê·ḏîm
witnesses .
16 If a false witness testifies against someone, accusing him of a crime,
כִּֽי־
kî-
If
יָק֥וּם
yā·qūm
. . .
חָמָ֖ס
ḥā·mās
a false
עֵד־
‘êḏ-
witness
לַעֲנ֥וֹת
la·‘ă·nō·wṯ
testifies
בּ֖וֹ
bōw
against
בְּאִ֑ישׁ
bə·’îš
someone ,
סָרָֽה׃
sā·rāh
accusing him of a crime ,
17 both parties to the dispute must stand in the presence of the LORD, before the priests and judges who are in office at that time.
שְׁנֵֽי־
šə·nê-
both
הָאֲנָשִׁ֛ים
hā·’ă·nā·šîm
parties
אֲשֶׁר־
’ă·šer-
-
לָהֶ֥ם
lā·hem
הָרִ֖יב
hā·rîḇ
to the dispute
וְעָמְד֧וּ
wə·‘ā·mə·ḏū
must stand
לִפְנֵ֣י
lip̄·nê
in the presence
יְהוָ֑ה
Yah·weh
of the LORD ,
לִפְנֵ֤י
lip̄·nê
before
הַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙
hak·kō·hă·nîm
the priests
וְהַשֹּׁ֣פְטִ֔ים
wə·haš·šō·p̄ə·ṭîm
and judges
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
’ă·šer
who
יִהְי֖וּ
yih·yū
are [in office]
הָהֵֽם׃
hā·hêm
at that
בַּיָּמִ֥ים
bay·yā·mîm
time .
18 The judges shall investigate thoroughly, and if the witness is proven to be a liar who has falsely accused his brother,
הַשֹּׁפְטִ֖ים
haš·šō·p̄ə·ṭîm
The judges
וְדָרְשׁ֥וּ
wə·ḏā·rə·šū
shall investigate
הֵיטֵ֑ב
hê·ṭêḇ
thoroughly ,
וְהִנֵּ֤ה
wə·hin·nêh
and if
עֵֽד־
‘êḏ-
the witness
שֶׁ֙קֶר֙
še·qer
is proven to be a liar
הָעֵ֔ד
hā·‘êḏ
. . .
שֶׁ֖קֶר
še·qer
who has falsely
עָנָ֥ה
‘ā·nāh
accused
בְאָחִֽיו׃
ḇə·’ā·ḥîw
his brother ,
19 you must do to him as he intended to do to his brother. So you must purge the evil from among you.
וַעֲשִׂ֣יתֶם
wa·‘ă·śî·ṯem
you must do
ל֔וֹ
lōw
to him
כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר
ka·’ă·šer
as
זָמַ֖ם
zā·mam
he intended
לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת
la·‘ă·śō·wṯ
to do
לְאָחִ֑יו
lə·’ā·ḥîw
to his brother .
וּבִֽעַרְתָּ֥
ū·ḇi·‘ar·tā
So you must purge
הָרָ֖ע
hā·rā‘
the evil
מִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ׃
miq·qir·be·ḵā
from among you .
20 Then the rest of the people will hear and be afraid, and they will never again do anything so evil among you.
וְהַנִּשְׁאָרִ֖ים
wə·han·niš·’ā·rîm
Then the rest [of the people]
יִשְׁמְע֣וּ
yiš·mə·‘ū
will hear
וְיִרָ֑אוּ
wə·yi·rā·’ū
and be afraid ,
וְלֹֽא־
wə·lō-
and they will never
יֹסִ֨פוּ
yō·si·p̄ū
again
ע֗וֹד
‘ō·wḏ
. . .
לַעֲשׂ֜וֹת
la·‘ă·śō·wṯ
do
כַּדָּבָ֥ר
kad·dā·ḇār
anything
הַזֶּ֖ה
haz·zeh
so
הָרָ֛ע
hā·rā‘
evil
בְּקִרְבֶּֽךָ׃
bə·qir·be·ḵā
among you .
21 You must show no pity: life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, and foot for foot.
וְלֹ֥א
wə·lō
You must show no pity
תָח֖וֹס
ṯā·ḥō·ws
. . .
עֵינֶ֑ךָ
‘ê·ne·ḵā
. . . :
נֶ֣פֶשׁ
ne·p̄eš
life
בְּנֶ֗פֶשׁ
bə·ne·p̄eš
for life ,
עַ֤יִן
‘a·yin
eye
בְּעַ֙יִן֙
bə·‘a·yin
for eye ,
שֵׁ֣ן
šên
tooth
בְּשֵׁ֔ן
bə·šên
for tooth ,
יָ֥ד
yāḏ
hand
בְּיָ֖ד
bə·yāḏ
for hand ,
רֶ֥גֶל
re·ḡel
[and] foot
בְּרָֽגֶל׃ס
bə·rā·ḡel
for foot .